Antibody microarrays consist of a series of capture antibodies, which are fixed on a solid support material such as glass or polymer to detect antigens. Antibody microarrays are used to detect specific biomarkers from serum or urine for diagnostic applications, protein expression of cell lysates, identification of biomarkers and development of drug compounds. For antibody arrays, various affinity molecules such as nanobodies, scFv fragments or aptamers can be used in addition to antibodies.